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Volume 95, Issue 6
Article

Biotic mechanisms of community stability shift along a precipitation gradient

Lauren M. Hallett

Corresponding Author

E-mail address: lauren.hallett@berkeley.edu

Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 USA

E-mail: E-mail address: lauren.hallett@berkeley.eduSearch for more papers by this author
Joanna S. Hsu

Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 USA

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Elsa E. Cleland

Ecology, Behavior and Evolution Section, University of California–San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093 USA

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Scott L. Collins

Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131 USA

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Timothy L. Dickson

Department of Biology, University of Nebraska, Omaha, Nebraska 68182 USA

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Emily C. Farrer

Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 USA

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Laureano A. Gherardi

School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287 USA

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Katherine L. Gross

W.K. Kellogg Biological Station and Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, Hickory Corners, Michigan 49060 USA

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Richard J. Hobbs

School of Plant Biology, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009 Australia

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Laura Turnbull

Institute of Hazard, Risk and Resilience, Department of Geography, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE United Kingdom

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Katharine N. Suding

Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 USA

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First published: 01 June 2014
Citations: 58

Corresponding Editor: G. A. Fox.

Abstract

Understanding how biotic mechanisms confer stability in variable environments is a fundamental quest in ecology, and one that is becoming increasingly urgent with global change. Several mechanisms, notably a portfolio effect associated with species richness, compensatory dynamics generated by negative species covariance and selection for stable dominant species populations can increase the stability of the overall community. While the importance of these mechanisms is debated, few studies have contrasted their importance in an environmental context. We analyzed nine long‐term data sets of grassland species composition to investigate how two key environmental factors, precipitation amount and variability, may directly influence community stability and how they may indirectly influence stability via biotic mechanisms. We found that the importance of stability mechanisms varied along the environmental gradient: strong negative species covariance occurred in sites characterized by high precipitation variability, whereas portfolio effects increased in sites with high mean annual precipitation. Instead of questioning whether compensatory dynamics are important in nature, our findings suggest that debate should widen to include several stability mechanisms and how these mechanisms vary in importance across environmental gradients.

Number of times cited according to CrossRef: 58

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